Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is often referred to as the core technology of "third-generation in vitro fertilization." With the reduction in sequencing costs and the development of new scientific consensus, the boundaries of its application are becoming clearer. This article provides an analysis of PGT's advancements and the criteria for when it should be used, for educational purposes.

1. What is PGT, and how many categories does it fall into?

PGT is a technique used to test embryos for chromosomal or genetic abnormalities before transplantation. It can be divided into three categories:

• PGT-A: Tests for chromosomal abnormalities, commonly used in cases of advanced age or other conditions;
• PGT-M: Targets single-gene disorders such as thalassemia and cystic fibrosis;
• PGT-SR: Addresses chromosomal structural abnormalities, such as balanced translocations.

2. Advances: More accurate and accessible testing

The advancement of sequencing technology has improved the accuracy and stability of PGT, while reducing its cost. This makes it possible for more families with specific conditions to receive assistance in preventing genetic diseases or conducting chromosomal screenings.

3. Clarified boundaries of application

Scientific consensus suggests that PGT is not suitable for everyone. For cases without medical indications, conventional IVF may not require additional PGT. However, for those who are elderly, experience recurrent miscarriages, have known genetic disorders, or chromosomal abnormalities, PGT can provide significant benefits.

4. Beware of overuse

Some institutions have made PGT a standard procedure or even a marketing feature, which goes against medical guidelines. Both scientific and regulatory bodies warn that unnecessary screenings increase costs and risk embryo loss. Decisions should be based on medical indications.

5. Reimbursement considerations

As mentioned earlier, the coverage of PGT by health insurance varies from province to province. Most regions only cover certain medical conditions. Whether to undergo PGT or not should be determined based on local policies and medical evaluations.

6. Lelawa's perspective

Technology is a tool, and medical indications are the guiding principle. When explaining PGT, we emphasize the importance of understanding the applicable boundaries, without advocating or replacing doctors' decisions. We aim to help patients make informed decisions about whether they need PGT or not, rather than forcing them to follow the trends of others.

Academic note: This article is based on public consensus and does not constitute specific treatment recommendations. Always consult with your doctor.