1. The relationship between thyroid and reproduction and the necessity of examination

In clinical practice, most people have limited understanding of the thyroid. In fact, thyroid disease has a significant impact on human reproductive processes. Various thyroid diseases may interfere with reproductive physiological mechanisms and reduce pregnancy

probability and adversely affect pregnancy outcome.

At present, many reproductive centers usually conduct thyroid function tests when facing first-time visits to patients (including infertile patients, pregnancy preparations and abortion patients). However, many patients have doubts about this and ask "Thyroid function

What can it be? Is this inspection necessary?" Thyroid function test mainly evaluates the physiological state of the thyroid by measuring relevant hormone levels and other indicators in the blood. For people with childbearing needs

This check is of great significance. Thyroid disease is one of the common endocrine diseases among women of childbearing age, and its incidence is second only to diabetes. The thyroid gland is closely related to the pregnancy process, and normal thyroid function is not only in the body

plays a key role in body energy metabolism and growth and development, and is closely linked to women's reproductive functions.

Hyperthyroidism, referred to as hyperthyroidism, is caused by the thyroid gland synthesizing and releasing too much thyroid hormone, causing hypermetabolism and sympathetic nerve stimulation. Clinical manifestations include palpitations, sweating, easy hunger, and increased bowel movements

Excessive and weight loss, etc. Hyperthyroidism can occur in both men and women, but it is more common in young and middle-aged women, and the prevalence rate in women is 4 - 6 times that of men. People with high mental stress and abnormal immune function are at increased risk of developing hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism can cause infertility through multiple ways. On the one hand, hyperthyroidism not only easily causes other hormone secretions abnormalities, but also causes nutritional disorders and emotional changes. Women with hyperthyroidism often have menstrual disorders.

In the early stages of hyperthyroidism, the synthesis and secretion of ovarian hormones increase, causing hyperplasia of the endometrium, which is manifested as menorrhagia, frequent menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation, etc., as well as dysmenorrhea and premenstrual stress, which can cause women's health

Fertility declines. In the advanced stage of hyperthyroidism, it can lead to ovulation dysfunction and sexual hormone secretion disorders, resulting in follicular development arrest, anovulation, oligomenorrhea and even amenorrhea. Patients with severe hyperthyroidism can lead to infertility.

In addition, even after pregnancy, patients with hyperthyroidism are at a greatly increased risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal growth delay, stillbirth, abortion, and premature delivery.

Hypothyroidism, abbreviated as hypothyroidism, is a group of endocrine diseases caused by reduced synthesis or secretion of thyroid hormone, resulting in a decline in metabolic activity. The incidence of hypothyroidism in women is higher than that in men, 20 - 40 

year-old women of childbearing age are about 2% - 4%. Studies have found that the prevalence of hypothyroidism among infertile patients is significantly increased.

Patients with hypothyroidism usually suffer from fear of cold, lack of laziness, fatigue and weakness, apathy, thick lips and large tongue, anorexia, bradycardia, memory loss and loss of libido. Female hypothyroidism is also easy to manifest as irregular menstruation, menstruation

Excessive blood or amenorrhea, ovulation disorder, ovarian atrophy, etc. Decreased libido and dissatisfaction with sexual life in women with hypothyroidism are also indirect causes of infertility. Pregnancy with hypothyroidism is prone to abortion, preeclampsia, and eclampsia

Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as

and placental abruption. Even if the baby can be given birth successfully, the baby is prone to congenital goiter or cretinosis and other congenital malformations. Therefore, hypothyroidism before or during pregnancy should be detected early

Timely treatment to improve fertility and ensure normal growth and development of the fetus. At present, my country recommends that pregnant women have better screening for thyroid function before pregnancy, especially for women with the following high-risk factors, including: A

History of thyroid dysfunction, history of thyroid surgery, positive thyroid antibody, family history of thyroid disease, history of repeated abortion, infertility, age over 30 years old, obesity, history of head and neck radiotherapy, history of use of A

thyroid gland drugs, people with type 1 diabetes or other autoimmune diseases should have thyroid related examinations in advance. Once a problem is identified, treatment should be given as soon as possible to ensure successful pregnancy and healthy fertility

Kang Baobao lays the foundation.

tIncrease energy supply

Due to excessive secretion of thyroid hormone in patients with hyperthyroidism, the metabolic rate of the body increases and consumption increases. Therefore, the diet must ensure that sufficient nutrients are supplied. Daily energy supply is 3000 - 3500 kilocalories, which is more than 

Normal people increased by 50% - 75%. Adequate carbohydrates and protein should be included in your diet to correct excessive energy expenditure. The supply of food usually accounts for 60% - 70% of the total energy (normal people

Carbohydrates account for 55% - 60% of the diet). The protein supply should be higher than that of normal people, ensuring 1.5 - 2.0g per kilogram of body weight per day (1.2g per kilogram of body weight per day for normal people).

Reasonable meal allocation and increase the number of meals

Dietary allocation is carried out according to the patient's usual eating habits. Various starch-containing foods can be selected, such as rice, noodles, steamed buns, vermicelli, potatoes, pumpkin, etc.; various meats, such as beef, pork, etc.

kinds of fish, etc., as well as eggs, dairy products, soy products; various fresh vegetables and fruits. Since animal proteins have the effect of stimulating the nervous system, they should be eaten less appropriately and can be replaced by vegetable proteins such as soybeans.

and make up for the energy shortage by increasing the number of meals, such as giving 2 - 3 additional meals in addition to and between three meals a day to improve the body's metabolic disorders. Patients with hyperthyroidism should remember to eat less and more meals and not be violent

overeating.

tIncrease vitamin supply

Patients with hyperthyroidism consume a large amount of vitamins due to their hypermetabolic state, which can easily cause vitamin deficiency, especially B vitamins. At the same time, the body's need for vitamin A and vitamin C also increases. Vitamin D

It is the main vitamin to ensure the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and the supply amount should be guaranteed. You can eat a lot of fruits and vegetables to increase the vitamin supply, and you can also supplement vitamin preparations if necessary.

tLow-salt diet

Patients with hyperthyroidism have myxedema. Oversalty food can cause retention of water and sodium and aggravate edema. Therefore, the amount of salt should be limited and the daily amount of non-iodine salt should not exceed 2g.

Avoid iodine

Iodine is the raw material for synthesizing thyroid hormone. A large amount of iodine can increase the synthesis of thyroid hormone, thereby inducing hyperthyroidism or exacerbating hyperthyroidism symptoms. Therefore, you should avoid using iodine-containing foods and medicines. Foods containing iodine, such as

Seaweed, seaweed, Nostoc flagelliforme, iodized salt, etc. should be banned; traditional Chinese medicines such as oysters, kelp, seaweed, prunella vulgaris, salvia miltiorrhiza, etc. should also be avoided; various iodine-containing contrast agents should also be used with caution.

tAppropriate supply of calcium and phosphorus

Thyroid hormone has a diuretic effect, which can promote electrolyte excretion, leading to hypokalemia. It can also promote bone renewal, causing bone decalcification and osteoporosis. Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism should increase calcium and phosphorus in appropriate amounts

Supply of potassium. Foods rich in potassium include oranges, bananas, spinach, potatoes, etc.; foods containing calcium and phosphorus include milk, nuts, eels, etc.

Other Considerations

Patients with hyperthyroidism should ban alcohol, alcohol and excitable drinks, such as strong tea, coffee, etc.; eat less spicy and stimulating foods, such as peppers, onions, ginger, garlic, etc. It is also necessary to limit the intake of dietary fiber, because patients with hyperthyroidism often have diarrhea

Increased number of stools or diarrhea symptoms, and dietary fiber has a laxative effect, so high-fiber foods such as coarse grain products, celery, bitter gourd, etc. should be restricted.

To sum up, infertile women with thyroid disease must pay attention to diet conditioning. You cannot take your diet lightly or casually, and you must keep the above dietary principles and dietary taboos in mind. Diet conditioning can not only assist in treatment

Thyroid disease can also avoid damage to reproductive function and add help to early pregnancy.